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ASA
Section: POSIX Programmer's Manual (1P)
Updated: 2003
Index
Return to Main Contents
PROLOG
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
NAME
asa - interpret carriage-control characters
SYNOPSIS
asa [ file ... ]
DESCRIPTION
The asa utility shall write its input files to standard output,
mapping carriage-control characters from the text files
to line-printer control sequences in an implementation-defined manner.
The first character of every line shall be removed from the input,
and the following actions are performed.
If the character removed is:
- <space>
-
The rest of the line is output without change.
- 0
-
A <newline> is output, then the rest of the input line.
- 1
-
One or more implementation-defined characters that causes an advance
to the next page shall be output, followed by the rest of
the input line.
- +
-
The <newline> of the previous line shall be replaced with one or more
implementation-defined characters that causes
printing to return to column position 1, followed by the rest of the
input line. If the '+' is the first character in the
input, it shall be equivalent to <space>.
The action of the asa utility is unspecified upon encountering
any character other than those listed above as the first
character in a line.
OPTIONS
None.
OPERANDS
- file
-
A pathname of a text file used for input. If no file operands
are specified, the standard input shall be used.
STDIN
The standard input shall be used only if no file operands are
specified; see the INPUT FILES section.
INPUT FILES
The input files shall be text files.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
asa:
- LANG
-
Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that
are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables
for
the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine
the values of locale categories.)
- LC_ALL
-
If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the
other internationalization variables.
- LC_CTYPE
-
Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes
of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments and input files).
- LC_MESSAGES
-
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and
contents of diagnostic messages written to standard
error.
- NLSPATH
-
Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES
.
ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
Default.
STDOUT
The standard output shall be the text from the input file modified
as described in the DESCRIPTION section.
STDERR
None.
OUTPUT FILES
None.
EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
None.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values shall be returned:
- 0
-
All input files were output successfully.
- >0
-
An error occurred.
CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
Default.
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
None.
EXAMPLES
- 1.
-
The following command:
-
asa file
permits the viewing of file (created by a program using FORTRAN-style
carriage-control characters) on a terminal.
- 2.
-
The following command:
-
a.out | asa | lp
formats the FORTRAN output of a.out and directs it to the printer.
RATIONALE
The asa utility is needed to map "standard" FORTRAN 77 output
into a form acceptable to contemporary printers. Usually,
asa is used to pipe data to the lp utility; see lp.
This utility is generally used only by FORTRAN programs. The standard
developers decided to retain asa to avoid breaking
the historical large base of FORTRAN applications that put carriage-control
characters in their output files. There is no
requirement that a system have a FORTRAN compiler in order to run
applications that need asa.
Historical implementations have used an ASCII <form-feed> in response
to a 1 and an ASCII <carriage-return> in
response to a '+' . It is suggested that implementations treat
characters other than 0, 1, and '+' as
<space> in the absence of any compelling reason to do otherwise. However,
the action is listed here as "unspecified",
permitting an implementation to provide extensions to access fast
multiple-line slewing and channel seeking in a non-portable
manner.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
fort77, lp
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
Index
- PROLOG
-
- NAME
-
- SYNOPSIS
-
- DESCRIPTION
-
- OPTIONS
-
- OPERANDS
-
- STDIN
-
- INPUT FILES
-
- ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
-
- ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
-
- STDOUT
-
- STDERR
-
- OUTPUT FILES
-
- EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
-
- EXIT STATUS
-
- CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
-
- APPLICATION USAGE
-
- EXAMPLES
-
- RATIONALE
-
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS
-
- SEE ALSO
-
- COPYRIGHT
-
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